Værtens håndtering af toppolitikeres troværdighed i tv-dueller
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52610/rhs.v15i58.167Nyckelord:
Election campaign, authority, credibility, identity construction, duel, debate, host, orchestration, balance, party leader, political communication, conversation analysis, CAAbstract
Tv-dueller mellem toppolitikere i valgkamp er med til at danne beslutningsgrundlag for et informeret valg for vælgerne. Deltagelse i duellerne giver mulighed for at påvirke den parlamentariske sammensætning og dermed påvirke politiske beslutninger og fremtidige samarbejdsmuligheder. Det betyder derfor noget, hvordan de to duellanter konstrueres som personer, som politikere og som ledere, dvs. med hensyn til erfaring, kompetencer og personlighed. Denne artikel er en konversationsanalytisk undersøgelse af værtens initiale medskabelse af den troværdighedsmæssige platform duellanterne får at stå på i debatten. Den beskæftiger sig med to dueller mellem danske toppolitikere. Den første er mellem Anders Fogh Rasmussen og Helle Thorning-Schmidt ved folketingsvalget 2007. Den anden er mellem Poul Nyrup Rasmussen og Anders Fogh Rasmussen ved folketingsvalget 2001. Fokus er på de første par minutter af åbningen af duellerne. Artiklen viser, hvor forskelligt duellanterne blev behandlet, og hvor meget der bliver etableret i de første par minutter bl.a. gennem de meget forskellige vilkår, en konkret mandlig og en konkret kvindelig partileder tilbydes i en mundtlig træfning med nationen som publikum.
Referenser
Andersen, J. Partiskiftere og politik som oplevelse. MedieKultur, 44 (2008), 6-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v24i44.1303
Atkinson, M. Our masters’ voices: the language and body language of politics. London & New York: Routledge, 1988.
Clayman, S. ”Displaying Neutrality in Television News Interviews”, i Social Problems, 35; 4 (1988), 115-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/800598
Clayman, S. ”Footing in the achievement of neutrality: the case of news-interview discourse”, i P. Drew & J. Heritage (eds.). Talk at work. Interaction in institutional settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Clayman, S. ”Reformulating the question: A device for answering/not answering questions in news interviews and press conferences”, i Text 13, 2 (1993), 159-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1993.13.2.159
Clayman, S. ”Arenas of Interaction in the New Media Era”, i M. Ekstrøm et al. (Eds). News From the Interview Society. NordiCom, 2006.
Cronkite, W. ”Reporting Presidential Campaigns: A Journalist’s View”, i D. Graber, D. McQuail & P. Norris (red.). The Politics og News. The News of Politics. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1998, 57-69.
Dahl, R.A. Om demokrati. Nyt Nordisk Forlag, 2000.
Drew, P. ”Speaker’s reportings in information sequences”, i H. Atkinson and J. Heritage (red.). Structures of social action: studies in conversation analysis. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, 129-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511665868.010
Edwards, D. ”Extreme Case Formulations: Softeners, Investment, and Doing Nonliteral”, i Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33,4 (2000): 347–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI3304_01
Eriksson, G. ”Politicians in celebrity talk show interviews: the narrativization of personal experience”, i Text & Talk 30, 5 (2010), 529-551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2010.026
Faucheux, R. ”The message”, i Campaigns and Elections; Vol. 15, I (1994).
Goffman, E. ”Footing”, i Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981, 124-159.
Greatbatch, D. ”Aspects of topical organization in news interviews: the use of agenda-shifting procedures by interviewees”, i Media, Culture and Society, 8 (1986), 441-455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443786008004005
Greatbatch, D. ”Conversation Analysis: Neutralism in British News Interviews”, i A. Bell & P. Garrett (red.). Approaches to Media Discourse, Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
Grice, H.P. ”Logic and conversation”, i P. Cole & J. Morgan (red). Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3: Speech Acts. London: Academic Press, 1975, 41-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368811_003
Haug, M. M., H. Koppang og J. Svennevig. ”No level playing field. Moderator bias in the television coverage of an election campaign with no political advertising”, Nordicom Review 31 (2010), 79-94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0131
Højrup, T. Det glemte folk. Livsformer og centraldirigering. Hørsholm: SBI Forlag, 1983.
Hutchby, I. Confrontation Talk. Arguments, Asymmetries, and Power on Talk Radio. Lawrence Earlbaum, 1996.
Jefferson, G. ”Notes on a Possible Metric which Provides for a ‘Standard Maximum’ Silence of Approximately One Second in Conversation”, i Tilburg papers in language and literature 42 (1983), Tilburg.
Jefferson, G. ”List-construction as a task and resource”, i G. Psathas (red). Interaction Competence. Washington, DC: International Institute for Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis & University of America Press, 1990.
Jefferson, G. ”Glossary of transcript symbols with an Introduction”, i G. H. Lerner (red.) Conversation Analysis: Studies from the first generation. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004, 13-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.125.02jef
Jønsson R & O. Larsen. Professionel politisk kommunikation. København: Akademisk Forlag, 2002.
Koch, H. Hvad er demokrati? Gyldendal, 1945/2000.
Kock, Christian & Mie Femø Nielsen. ”Politisk kommunikation” i: Torbjörn Bredenlöw, Jørn Helder og Jens Lautrup Nørgaard (red.). Kommunikation - en grundbog. Hans Reitzels Forlag, 2009.
Maarek, P.J. Political Marketing and Communication. London: John Libbey & Co, 1995.
Mazeland, H. ”Parenthetical sequences”, i Journal of Pragmatics 39, 10 (2007): 1816–1869. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.05.005
McNair, B. An Introduction to Political Communication. London: Routledge, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203699683
Nielsen, M.F. Replik til journalistikken. Mikroanalyse af medieinterviewet. København: Akademisk Forlag, 2001.
Nielsen, M.F. ”Orkestrering af tv-debatter”, i P. Widell & M. Kunøe (red.). 9. Møde om Udforskningen af Dansk Sprog. Århus Universitet, 2004, 214-230.
Nielsen, M.F. ”Doing interviewer roles”, i M. Ekstrøm et al. (red). News From the Interview Society. NordiCom, 2006.
Nielsen, M.F. ”Foghs forslag. Sammenhæng mellem tale, identitet og strategi”, i MedieKultur, 44 (2008), 16-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v24i44.1304
Nielsen, M.F. “Interpretative Management in Business Meetings: Understanding Managers’ Interactional Strategies through Conversation Analysis”, i Journal of Business Communication, 46, 1 (2009), 23-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943608325752
Nielsen, M.F. og S.B. Nielsen. Samtaleanalyse. Forlaget Samfundslitteratur, 2005.
Norris, P. A Virtuous Circle. Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. Cambridge University Press, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609343
Perloff, R.M. Political Communication: politics, press, and public in America. Marwah. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Ass, 1998.
Pomerantz, Anita ”Telling My Side: ‘Limited Access’ as a ‘Fishing’ Device”, i Sociological Inquiry, 50 (1980), 186-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1980.tb00020.x
Pomerantz, A. ”Pursuing a response”, i Atkinson, J.M. & J. Heritage (red.): Structures of Social Action. Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, 152-163.
Pomerantz, A. “Extreme Case Formulations: A Way of Legitimizing Claims”, i Human Studies 9 (1986), 219–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00148128
Sacks, H. ”On the analyzability of stories by children”, i J.J. Gumperz, & D. Hymes (red.). Directions in sociolinguistics: the ethnography of communication. New York: Rinehart & Winston, 1972, 325-45.
Sacks, Harvey ”On the preference for agreement and contiguity in sequences in conversation”, i G. Button & J.R.E. Lee (red.) Talk and Social Organization. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.33169485.6
Sandvik, M. ”Valgkamp på tv. Står nøytralitetsidealet for fall?”, i Rhetorica Scandinavica 29/30 (2004), 15-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52610/rhs.v8i29/30.234
Schegloff, E.A. ”Notes on a Conversational Practice: Formulating Place”, i David Sudnow (red.) Studies in Social Interaction. New York: Free Press, 1972, s. 75-119.
Schegloff, E.A. ”Preliminaries to preliminaries: ‘Can I ask you a question?’”, i Sociological Inquiry, 50, 3/4 (1980), 104-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1980.tb00018.x
Selting, M. ”Lists as embedded structures and the prosody of list construction as an interactional ressource”, i Journal of Pragmatics 39, 3 (2007), 483-526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.07.008
Søllinge, J.D. ”Historien om den politiske journalistik - et drama i flere akter uden slutning”, i E.M. Carlsen m.fl. (red.). Magt og fortælling. CFJE, 1999.
Trent, J.S. & R.V. Friedenberg ”Debates in Political Campaigns”, i Political Campaign Communication. Principles and Practices. Westport, Conneticut & London: Praeger, 2000, 249-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216980995.ch-008
Watzlawick, Paul, Janet Helmick Beavin og Don D. Jackson. Pragmatics of Human Communication. A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies, and Paradoxes. London: Faber and Faber, 1968.
Zafrir, A. ”Ordstyrerbias i valgkampsdebatter”, i MedieKultur 44 (2008), 27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v24i44.1305
##submission.downloads##
Publicerad
Referera så här
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Copyright (c) 2024 Rhetorica Scandinavica
Detta verk är licensierat under en Creative Commons Erkännande-Ickekommersiell-IngaBearbetningar 4.0 Internationell-licens.
Open Access; CC Erkännande-IckeKommersiell-IngaBearbetningar 4.0
