Tilsløring og afsløring af retorikken: Sproglig strategi inden for videnskab og teknologi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52610/rhs.v12i47.181Nyckelord:
rhetoric of science, risk analysis, pathos, ethos, mimesis, concealed rhetoricAbstract
Retorik er gennem hele sin historie blevet betegnet som en kunst, der må tilsløre sig selv for at lykkes. To felter, hvor retorikken er blevet særdeles effektivt tilsløret, er videnskaben og teknologiens. Denne artikel udforsker de generelle betingelser og begrundelser for at skjule retorikken og afdækker fire principper, der går igen i den klassiske tradition: mistænksomhed, spontanitet, oprigtighed og mimesis eller efterligning. Som reaktion på disse har retorik i praksis udviklet strategier, der skal imødekomme mistænksomhed, skabe indtryk af spontanitet og oprigtighed og understrege sprogets direkte mimetiske kraft. Og også disse strategier skal tilsløres. To eksempler hentet fra videnskabelig og teknologisk retorik, nærmere bestemt fra risikoanalyse-diskurs, bliver brugt til at illustrere, hvordan retorisk tilsløring foregår. Det første eksempel er ingeniør Chauncey Starrs paradigmedannende videnskabelig artikel fra 1969, der trækker på en patosretorik, den ikke vedkender sig; det andet, The Reactor Safety Study, der blev udarbejdet af The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission i 1975, trækker på en etosappel, der optræder forklædt som teknisk ekspertise.
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